This booklet was written to recognize malnutrition at an early stage and will help you select the optimum nutrition. Because early detection and proper nutrition can malnutrition (partially) prevent and deal with it the negative effects to the body against it.
When the disease is malnutrition?Malnutrition disease is a shortage of body energy, protein or any nutrients like vitamins and minerals. This deficiency can lead to side effects such as weight loss unwanted loss of muscle function and body decreased.
Why is malnutrition is a problem?Perhaps not occur several kilograms of weight as negative, but it is not the loss of desirable weight during the illness. The loss of body weight is not just about fat loss, but also the loss of body cells, muscles and organs (called lean mass). The loss of lean body mass is partly connected to:
a wound healing worst
more infections
an increased risk of complications after a treatment and / or surgery
the less well tolerated treatment
and you feel less well
How to recognize malnutrition?In the Netherlands it comes to malnutrition:
It is undesirable more than 10% loss of body weight in 6 months or more undesirable than 5% of body weight loss in a month (see later in this brochure) and / or
you have a BMI of less than 18.5 and less than 65, or a BMI of less than 20.0, and more than 65 years.
BMI (Body Mass Index) gives an indication of whether you have a good body weight for your height. The BMI is calculated by dividing body weight in kilograms by the square of your height in meters. You can check your BMI using the table later in this brochure.
Because reduction of body weight plays an important role in malnutrition, it is desirable to control body weight weekly. You can do this at a set time of day, preferably before breakfast, on the same scale and with the same clothes. Write your body weight in the list below.
Date of body weight in kilograms. .. .. .. .. .. .Weight Over Summary
Proper nutritionDrinks and food are basic needs. The body is equipped with moisture and nutrients needed to make it work well. During the disease, attention focused on the proteins to prevent the loss of lean body mass as possible. Proteins are the building blocks of cells, muscles and organs. It is recommended over using food that is rich in protein.
Animal products such as meat, fish, chicken, poultry, milk, buttermilk, yogurt, custard, porridge, cottage cheese, (fat) cheese and eggs are rich in protein. But tofu, tempeh, vegetarian meat substitutes and legumes (such as beans white and brown) are rich in protein.
Try a day at least one gram of protein per kilogram of body weight, to get to you. So, if you weigh 70 kg, you need at least 70 grams of protein a day. A person weighing 60 kg would be a daily minimum of 60 grams of protein to eat. To control the intake of protein per day, you can use the list below.
When you follow a protein-restricted diet for medical reasons, you can ask your doctor or nurse for a referral to a dietitian to adjust your diet (temporary).
Overview of most protein productsNutrients grams / ml of grams of proteinServing of meat, fish, chicken or poultry 100 grams of raw, cooked 75 grams 20 grams of proteinGlass bowl or milk, buttermilk, yogurt, porridge or 150 ml 5 grams of proteinBowl of cottage cheese 150 ml 15 grams of proteinSlice of cheese 20 grams 5 grams of proteinMeat slice 20 grams 4 grams of proteinA cooked egg (also omelette) 50 grams 7 grams proteinServing of tofu or tempeh 100 grams 12 grams of proteinCooked vegetables (3 servings) 150 g 12 g proteinServe vegetarian meat substitute 100 grams of protein 16 grams
The opinion 'healthy food' recommended daily eat two ounces of vegetables and two servings of fruit. During his fruits and vegetables disease less important. The protein products play the leading role!
The impact of the disease on your food intakeYour illness and / or treatment can affect your appetite and taste. This can make the food more difficult. But also pain and anxiety can play a role, as well as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and the use of drugs. It is important to realize that the food and drink enough can be affected by many aspects.
Adequate exerciseOptimal nutrition malnutrition alone can not prevent or repair. Here, the disease can have a role, but also a lack of exercise. No or too little exercise causes the muscles diminish in size. To maintain muscle mass, to the extent possible, it is desirable to move each day regarding your illness and permit situation.
The followingTry to eat during treatment or surgery to your diet with adequate protein-rich ingredients, keep weight steady, keeping your BMI greater than 18.5, respectively, 20.0 and enough exercise.
When you are threatening malnutrition?
Calculation example 1Mr Boer now weighs 66.5 kg. And 'in the past six months it fell to 12 kg. He always weighed 78.5 kg. This weight loss greater than 10%. Mr. de Boer is malnourished because of her weight loss.
Overview BMI 18.5 For adults up to 65 years of age and body mass index for adults over 65 years. Calculating the minimum body weight within kilogramman by height in meters.
Your height in meters minimum weight in your kiligrammen this length 18.5 BMI = your weight in kilograms by the regional mini-height BMI = 2001:50 41.6 45.001:55 44.5 48.51.60 47.4 51.21.65 50.4 54.51.70 53.5 57.81.75 56.7 61.31.80 60.0 64.81.85 63.3 68.51.90 66.8 72.21.95 70.4 76.1
Classification BMI in adults up to 65 years and the second column for adults over 65BMI classification BMI Classification 65 years over 65 years<18.5 Underweight <20.0 underweight18.5 to 24.9 20.0 to 24.9 normal weight normal weight25-29.9 25-29.9 overweight obese> 30 Obesity> 30 Obesity
Calculation example 2The length of Mrs. Carney (55 years) is 1.78 meters and weighs 56.5 kg. Her BMI is 17.8. Considerably less than the minimum BMI 18.5. Mrs. Carney is malnourished under his body mass index.
Calculation example 3The length of Mr. ter Voort (70 years) is 1.76 meters and weighs 67.4 kg at present. Her BMI is 21.7. More than the minimum BMI of 20. Mr ter Voort not malnourished according to his BMI.
If you have not wanted to lose weight, it does not work every day to use adequate protein or if you are experiencing all the food, you can ask your doctor for a referral to a dietitian.
Even with all the other questions about nutrition, you can ask your doctor or nurse for a referral to a dietitian.
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